Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as vital components of gene programs controlling cell differentiation and function. Central to their functions is an ability to act as scaffolds or as decoys that recruit or sequester effector proteins from their DNA, RNA, or protein targets. lncRNA-modulated effectors include regulators of transcription, chromatin organization, RNA processing, and translation, such that lncRNAs can influence gene expression at multiple levels. Here we review the current understanding of how lncRNAs help coordinate gene expression to modulate cell fate in the hematopoietic system. We focus on a growing number of mechanistic studies to synthesize emerging principles of lncRNA function, emphasizing how they facilitate diversification of gene programming during development. We also survey how disrupted lncRNA function can contribute to malignant transformation, highlighting opportunities for therapeutic intervention in specific myeloid and lymphoid cancers. Finally, we discuss challenges and prospects for further elucidation of lncRNA mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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正常和恶性造血过程中长链非编码 RNA 功能的新机制

长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 越来越被认为是控制细胞分化和功能的基因程序的重要组成部分。它们功能的核心是能够充当支架或诱饵，从其 DNA、RNA 或蛋白质靶标中募集或隔离效应蛋白。lncRNA 调节的效应子包括转录、染色质组织、RNA 加工和翻译的调节因子，因此 lncRNA 可以在多个层面影响基因表达。在这里，我们回顾了目前对 lncRNA 如何帮助协调基因表达以调节造血系统中的细胞命运的理解。我们专注于越来越多的机制研究，以综合 lncRNA 功能的新兴原理，强调它们如何促进发育过程中基因编程的多样化。我们还调查了被破坏的 lncRNA 功能如何导致恶性转化，突出了对特定髓系和淋巴癌进行治疗干预的机会。最后，我们讨论了进一步阐明 lncRNA 机制的挑战和前景。