The fabrication and manufacturing processes of industrial commodities such as iron, glass, and cement are carbon-intensive, accounting for 23% of global CO₂ emissions. As a climate mitigation strategy, CO₂ capture from flue gases of industrial processes—much like that of the power sector—has not experienced wide adoption given its high associated costs. However, some industrial processes with relatively high CO₂ flue concentration may be viable candidates to cost-competitively supply CO₂ for utilization purposes (e.g., polymer manufacturing, etc.). This work develops a methodology that determines the levelized cost ($/tCO₂) of separating, compressing, and transporting carbon dioxide. A top-down model determines the cost of separating and compressing CO₂ across 18 industrial processes. Further, the study calculates the cost of transporting CO₂ via pipeline and tanker truck to appropriately paired sinks using a bottom-up cost model and geo-referencing approach. The results show that truck transportation is generally the low-cost alternative given the relatively small volumes (ca. 100 kt CO₂/a). We apply our methodology to a regional case study in Pennsylvania, which shows steel and cement manufacturing paired to suitable sinks as having the lowest levelized cost of capture, compression, and transportation.

中文翻译：

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工业部门的碳捕集与利用

铁，玻璃和水泥等工业商品的制造和制造过程需要大量碳，占全球CO ₂排放量的23％。作为一种减缓气候变化的策略，由于工业过程的烟道气中的CO ₂捕集量很高（与电力部门一样），因此其相关联的成本很高，因此尚未得到广泛采用。但是，一些具有较高CO ₂烟气浓度的工业过程可能是可行的候选方案，以成本竞争性方式提供CO ₂以用于利用目的（例如，聚合物制造等）。这项工作开发了一种确定平均成本（$ / tCO _{2的方法）。}）分离，压缩和运输二氧化碳。自上而下的模型确定了在18个工业流程中分离和压缩CO ₂的成本。此外，该研究还使用自下而上的成本模型和地理参考方法，计算了通过管道和油罐车将CO ₂输送到适当配对的水槽的成本。结果表明，鉴于相对较小的体积（约100 kt CO ₂ / a），卡车运输通常是低成本的选择。我们将我们的方法应用于宾夕法尼亚州的一个区域案例研究，该研究表明，将钢和水泥制造与合适的水槽搭配使用，因为它们的捕获，压缩和运输成本最低。