Emerging contaminants such as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and heavy metals are of increasing concerns due to their detrimental effects on environment and human health. Their mixtures are often present at contaminated sites that pose a challenge in water remediation. Herein, we report a multifunctional magnetic sorbent (Fe₃O₄-CDI-IL MNPs) that was prepared by modifying the magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle with β-cyclodextrin–ionic liquid (β-CD-IL) polyurethanes for the removal of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The successful grafting of the β-CD-IL polymer on magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR, ζ -potential, TGA, and VSM. The sorption behaviors of Fe₃O₄-CDI-IL MNPs were investigated in terms of sorption kinetics, isotherms, simultaneous removal capability, and reusability. The kinetic results showed that the sorption of PFOS, PFOA, and Cr(VI) reached equilibrium within 4, 6, and 3 h, respectively, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the kinetic data. The solution pH had more obvious effects on the sorption of PFOA and Cr(VI) than that of PFOS. The coupling of ionic liquid with the β-CD polymer backbone could significantly enhance the removal efficiencies of both PFOS and PFOA. The sorption isotherms indicated that the heterogeneous sorption capacities of Fe₃O₄-CDI-IL MNPs were 13,200 and 2500 μg/g for PFOS and PFOA, respectively, and the monolayer sorption capacity was 2600 μg/g for Cr(VI) ions. The Cr(VI)-PFC binary sorption experiments exhibited a decrease in sorption capacities for PFCs, but the removal of Cr(VI) was unaffected with the introduction of PFCs as co-contaminants. The hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic attraction were mainly involved in the PFC sorption process, whereas the ion exchange and reduction was responsible for Cr(VI) sorption. In addition, Fe₃O₄-CDI-IL MNPs could be readily recovered with a permanent magnet, regenerated, and reused at least 10 times without any significant efficiency loss. This multifunctional sorbent thus shows potential in the removal of coexisting toxic contaminants from water or wastewater.

中文翻译：

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环保型β-环糊精-离子液体聚氨酯改性磁吸附剂，用于去除水中的PFOA，PFOS和Cr（VI）

诸如全氟化合物（PFC）和重金属之类的新兴污染物由于其对环境和人类健康的有害影响而受到越来越多的关注。它们的混合物通常存在于受污染的地方，这给水的修复带来了挑战。在本文中，我们报道了多官能磁性吸着剂（铁₃ ö ₄这是通过修改磁铁制备-CDI-IL的MNP）₃ ö ₄纳米颗粒与β -环糊精的离子型液体（β - CD-IL）的聚氨酯用于除去水溶液中的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），全氟辛酸（PFOA）和Cr（VI）。在β的成功嫁接-通过FTIR，ζ-电势，TGA和VSM证实了磁性纳米颗粒上的CD-IL聚合物。研究了Fe ₃ O ₄ -CDI-IL MNPs的吸附动力学，吸附等温线，同时去除能力和可重复使用性。动力学结果表明，PFOS，PFOA和Cr（VI）的吸附分别在4、6和3 h内达到平衡，并且拟二级动力学模型最能描述动力学数据。溶液的pH值对PFOA和Cr（VI）的吸附比PFOS更明显。离子液体与β - CD聚合物主链的偶联可以显着提高PFOS和PFOA的去除效率。吸附等温线表明Fe的非均相吸附能力PFOS和PFOA的₃ O ₄ -CDI-IL MNP分别为13,200和2500μg/ g，Cr（VI）离子的单层吸附容量为2600μg/ g。Cr（VI）-PFC的二元吸附实验显示PFC的吸附能力降低，但是Cr（VI）的去除不受作为共污染物引入PFC的影响。疏水相互作用和静电吸引主要参与PFC吸附过程，而离子交换和还原则是Cr（VI）吸附的原因。另外，Fe ₃ O ₄-CDI-IL MNP可以很容易地用永磁体回收，再生并重复使用至少10次，而不会造成任何明显的效率损失。因此，这种多功能吸附剂显示出从水或废水中去除共存的有毒污染物的潜力。