Abstract The direct use of low-cost GeO2 nanoparticles as a replacement for germanium salt as a source of germanium is more practical for the fabrication of GeO2/C composite electrodes for commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the tendency of nanoparticles to easily agglomerate complicates the task of obtaining a uniform distribution of GeO2 in a carbon matrix. In this study, we used polystyrene (PS) as a sacrificial template to fabricate a uniform dispersion of multichannel carbon fiber with amorphous GeO2 (GeO2/MCNF) via electrospinning with a single nozzle. With a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/PS ratio of 1:0.6, the GeO2/MCNF composite shows enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency (66.9%), high reversible specific capacity (832 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles under a current density of 250 mA g−1), and excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Especially, this anode material exhibits superior cycling stability (472 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles under a current density of 1250 mA g−1). The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the uniformly dispersed GeO2, unique carbon nanostructure, and the synergistic interaction between GeO2 and the CNFs. The proposed method provides a common strategy to develop other low conductivity anode materials with high current capacities and long-term cycle stabilities.

中文翻译：

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具有均匀分散的GeO 2 作为长寿命锂离子电池负极的通道化碳纳米纤维

摘要 直接使用低成本的 GeO2 纳米粒子代替锗盐作为锗源，对于制备用于商业锂离子电池 (LIBs) 的 GeO2/C 复合电极更为实用。然而，纳米颗粒容易团聚的趋势使在碳基质中获得均匀分布的 GeO2 的任务复杂化。在这项研究中，我们使用聚苯乙烯 (PS) 作为牺牲模板，通过单喷嘴静电纺丝制备了具有无定形 GeO2 (GeO2/MCNF) 的多通道碳纤维的均匀分散体。聚丙烯腈 (PAN)/PS 比为 1:0.6 时，GeO2/MCNF 复合材料显示出增强的初始库仑效率 (66.9%)、高可逆比容量（在 250 mA g g 的电流密度下循环 100 次后为 832 mA hg-1 −1), 以及优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。特别是，这种负极材料表现出优异的循环稳定性（在 1250 mA g-1 的电流密度下，500 次循环后 472 mA h g-1）。电化学性能的改善可归因于均匀分散的 GeO2、独特的碳纳米结构以及 GeO2 与 CNF 之间的协同相互作用。所提出的方法为开发具有高电流容量和长期循环稳定性的其他低电导率负极材料提供了一种通用策略。