Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown antitumor activity against several malignancies. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown promising efficacy in patients with melanoma and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) [1–4]. ICI-induced encephalitis is an extremely rare immune-related adverse event and little is known about its clinical course and management [1–4]. We report a case of encephalitis induced by nivolumab plus ipilimumab in an SCLC patient, who showed remarkable improvement upon treatment with rituximab.

中文翻译：

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利妥昔单抗用于小细胞肺癌患者中的纳武单抗加伊利木单抗诱发的脑炎

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）已显示出对多种恶性肿瘤的抗肿瘤活性。Nivolumab加上ipilimumab在黑色素瘤和小细胞肺癌（SCLC）患者中显示出令人鼓舞的疗效[1-4]。ICI引起的脑炎是一种极为罕见的免疫相关不良事件，对其临床病程和治疗方法知之甚少[1-4]。我们报告了一个在SCLC患者中由nivolumab加ipilimumab引起的脑炎的病例，该患者在接受利妥昔单抗治疗后显示出明显的改善。