Tumor shrinkage, whether assessed using explicit objective criteria or informally, has always been a useful metric to evaluate treatment results in oncology. Other than measurement error and very rare reports of spontaneous remissions, nothing but effective therapy shrinks tumors. Moreover, clinicians know from experience that patients with objective responses tend to have better outcomes than those without such responses. This observation has been confirmed by a large number of studies, even when the potential bias of comparing survival between responders and nonresponders was taken into account [1]. A tempting, but not necessarily correct, conclusion from these observations is that tumor shrinkage is a surrogate for long-term end points, such as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

中文翻译：

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探索性分析接受靶向治疗或免疫治疗的转移性非小细胞肺癌患者的反应深度与生存率之间的关系。

肿瘤缩小，无论是使用明确的客观标准还是非正式的评估，一直是评估肿瘤学治疗结果的有用指标。除了测量误差和非常罕见的自发缓解报告之外，只有有效的治疗才能缩小肿瘤。此外，临床医生从经验中知道，有客观反应的患者往往比没有客观反应的患者有更好的结果。这一观察结果已得到大量研究的证实，即使考虑到比较有反应者和无反应者之间的生存率的潜在偏差[1]。这些观察得出的一个诱人但不一定正确的结论是，肿瘤缩小是长期终点的替代指标，例如无进展生存期 (PFS) 和总生存期 (OS)。