Graphdiyne (GDY) is a flat material comprising sp²- and sp-hybridized carbon atoms with high degrees of π conjugation that features uniformly distributed pores. It is interesting not only from a structural point of view but also from the perspective of its electronic, chemical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. We have developed an in situ homocoupling reaction of hexaethynylbenzene on Cu foil for the fabrication of large-area ordered films of graphdiyne. These films are uniform and composed of graphdiyne multilayers. The conductivity of graphdiyne films, calculated at 2.52 × 10^–4 S m^–1, is comparable to that of Si, suggesting excellent semiconducting properties. Through morphology-controlled syntheses, we have prepared several well-defined graphdiyne structures (e.g., nanotubes, nanowires, and nanowalls) having distinct properties. The graphdiyne nanotube arrays and graphdiyne nanowalls exhibited excellent field emission performance, higher than that of some other semiconductors such as graphite and carbon nanotubes. These structures have several promising applications, for example, as energy storage materials and as anode materials in batteries. The unique atomic arrangement and electronic structure of graphdiyne also inspired us to use it to develop highly efficient catalysts; indeed, its low reduction potential and highly conjugated electronic structure allow graphdiyne to be used as a reducing agent and stabilizer for the electroless deposition of highly dispersed and surfactant-free Pd clusters. GDY-based three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures featuring well-defined porous network structures can function as highly active cathodes for H₂ evolution. Heteroatom-doped GDY structures are excellent metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Its excellent electrocatalytic activity and inexpensive, convenient, and scalable preparation make GDY a promising candidate for practical and efficient energy applications; indeed, we have explored the application of GDY as a highly efficient lithium storage material and have elucidated the method through which lithium storage occurs in multilayer GDY. Lithium-ion batteries featuring GDY-based electrodes display excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity, outstanding rate performance, and long cycle life. We have also explored the application of GDY in energy conversion and found that it exhibits excellent conductivity.

中文翻译：

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二维碳-石墨二炔的合成与性能

石墨二炔（Graphyyne（GDY））是一种平面材料，包含具有高π共轭度的sp ^2-和sp杂化的碳原子，并具有均匀分布的孔。不仅从结构的角度，而且从其电子，化学，机械和磁性能的角度来看，这都是有趣的。我们已经开发了六乙炔基苯在铜箔上的原位均匀偶联反应，用于制备大面积有序的石墨二炔薄膜。这些薄膜是均匀的，由石墨二炔多层膜组成。石墨二炔薄膜的电导率，按2.52×10 ^–4 S m ^–1计算与Si相当，表明其优异的半导体性能。通过形态学控制的合成，我们制备了几种具有独特性质的，明确定义的石墨二炔结构（例如，纳米管，纳米线和纳米壁）。石墨二炔纳米管阵列和石墨二炔纳米壁表现出出色的场发射性能，高于其他一些半导体，例如石墨和碳纳米管。这些结构具有若干有希望的应用，例如，作为能量存储材料和电池中的阳极材料。石墨二炔的独特原子排列和电子结构也启发了我们使用它来开发高效催化剂。确实，它的低还原电位和高度共轭的电子结构使其可以用作还原剂和稳定剂，用于化学沉积高度分散且不含表面活性剂的Pd团簇。具有良好定义的多孔网络结构的基于GDY的三维（3D）纳米结构可充当H的高活性阴极₂进化。杂原子掺杂的GDY结构是用于氧还原反应（ORR）的优异的无金属电催化剂。它的出色的电催化活性和廉价，方便，可扩展的制备方法使GDY成为实用高效能源应用的有希望的候选者。实际上，我们已经探索了GDY作为高效锂存储材料的应用，并阐明了在多层GDY中进行锂存储的方法。具有基于GDY的电极的锂离子电池具有出色的电化学性能，包括高比容量，出色的倍率性能和长循环寿命。我们还研究了GDY在能量转换中的应用，发现它具有出色的导电性。