Organ‐on‐chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self‐renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue‐ and organ‐on‐chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood–brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high‐throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem‐cell‐based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.

中文翻译：

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控制干细胞的分化，以开发个性化的芯片上器官平台。

片上器官（OOC）平台作为筛选现有药物和开发新候选药物的强大工具，已经引起了制药公司的关注。OOC主要使用人类细胞系或原代细胞来开发仿生组织模型。但是，人类干细胞无限自我更新和分化为多种谱系的能力使其对OOC有吸引力。微流体技术已利用可溶性因子，生物物理线索和电磁信号实现了干细胞分化的精确控制。这项研究讨论了不同的组织和芯片上平台（即，皮肤，大脑，血脑屏障，骨髓，心脏，肝脏，肺，肿瘤和血管），并着重强调了干细胞的关键作用在复杂组织的合成中。这项研究进一步概述了设计，