Organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells form a new type of thin film photovoltaic technology, which has achieved extraordinary improvements in power conversion efficiency in a relatively short time. To further improve the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cells, it is critical to understand and control the microstructure of both the functional materials and their interfaces. Much effort has already been made to understand the microstructure of perovskite solar cells and its influence on their performance. This has proved particularly challenging due to the fragile nature of the organic‐inorganic perovskites and the consequent potential for generating artefacts through the application of the characterization methods themselves. In this progress report, an overview of some of the more commonly used characterization methods is given, their possible impact on the materials analyses is evaluated, and the latest developments in the understanding of the microstructure of perovskite solar cells are summarized. The heterogenic nature of the individual perovskite grains and the polycrystalline film as a whole is illustrated, the features and properties of the grain boundaries and the effect they can have on solar cell performance are described, and the interface characterization between the layers in the solar cell devices is discussed.

中文翻译：

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钙钛矿太阳能电池的微观结构表征–从晶粒到界面：技术，特征和挑战

有机-无机混合钙钛矿太阳能电池形成了一种新型的薄膜光伏技术，该技术在相对较短的时间内就实现了功率转换效率的显着提高。为了进一步提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性，了解和控制功能材料及其界面的微观结构至关重要。为了了解钙钛矿型太阳能电池的微结构及其对性能的影响，已经做了很多努力。由于有机-无机钙钛矿的易碎性质以及因此通过应用表征方法本身产生人工制品的潜力，这已被证明特别具有挑战性。在此进度报告中，概述了一些更常用的表征方法，评估了它们对材料分析的可能影响，并总结了对钙钛矿太阳能电池微观结构的了解的最新进展。阐述了单个钙钛矿晶粒和多晶膜整体的异质性，描述了晶界的特征和性质以及它们对太阳能电池性能的影响，并描述了太阳能电池各层之间的界面特性讨论了设备。