Climate change, caused by heavy CO₂ emissions, is driving new demands to alleviate the rising concentration of atmospheric CO₂ levels. Enlightened by the photosynthesis of green plants, photo(electro)chemical catalysis of CO₂ reduction, also known as artificial photosynthesis, is emerged as a promising candidate to address these demands and is widely investigated during the past decade. Among various artificial photosynthetic systems, solar‐driven electrochemical CO₂ reduction is widely recognized to possess high efficiencies and potentials for practical application. The efficient and selective electroreduction of CO₂ is the key to the overall solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of artificial photosynthesis. Recent studies show that various metallic materials possess the capability to play as electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. In order to achieve high selectivity for CO₂ reduction products, various efforts are made including studies on electrolytes, crystal facets, oxide‐derived catalysts, electronic and geometric structures, nanostructures, and mesoscale phenomena. In this Review, these methods for tuning the selectivity of CO₂ electrochemical reduction of metallic catalysts are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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金属电催化剂上CO2还原选择性的调整

由大量CO ₂排放引起的气候变化，正在推动减轻大气中CO ₂浓度上升的新要求。在绿色植物的光合作用的启发下，CO ₂还原的光（电）化学催化（也称为人工光合作用）正在成为解决这些需求的有前途的候选者，并且在过去的十年中进行了广泛的研究。在各种人造光合作用系统中，太阳能驱动的电化学CO ₂还原被广泛认为具有很高的效率和实际应用潜力。CO ₂的高效选择性电还原是人工光合作用总体太阳能转化效率的关键。最近的研究表明，各种金属材料具有充当还原CO _2的电催化剂的能力。为了实现对CO ₂还原产品的高选择性，已做出各种努力，包括对电解质，晶面，氧化物衍生的催化剂，电子和几何结构，纳米结构以及中尺度现象的研究。在这篇综述中，总结了用于调节金属催化剂的CO ₂电化学还原选择性的这些方法。还讨论了该领域的挑战和前景。