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A Magnetic Resonance Study of Low Salinity Waterflooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-14 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02166
Ming Li 1 , Sarah Vashaee 1 , Laura Romero-Zerón 1 , Florin Marica 1 , Bruce J. Balcom 1
Affiliation  

Low salinity waterflooding (LSF) has been proposed to improve oil recovery, with major projects in progress worldwide. There is however no consensus on the mechanisms of LSF for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Wettability change is the most widely accepted mechanism. In this work, magnetic resonance (MR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to monitor oil displacement processes during model laboratory scale LSF experiments. The MR and MRI measurements permit evaluation of putative LSF mechanisms. Two clay-coated sand packs, one with nonswelling kaolinite, the other with swelling montmorillonite, were prepared as model porous media for LSF. The interactions between pore fluids (oil and water) and the clay-coated pore surfaces were evaluated with relaxation time measurements. A MRI methodology, spin echo single point imaging (SE-SPI), was employed to spatially resolve the T2 distribution along the sand pack. The oil saturation profiles were determined from SE-SPI measurements. A new differential relaxation time distribution method is proposed in this work for oil saturation estimation. The pore fluid self-diffusion coefficients were measured. The mechanism of wettability change for LSF is suggested on the basis of the oil diffusion coefficient variation with LSF. The similarities and differences between the kaolinite and montmorillonite behaviors are discussed. This work demonstrates that MR and MRI are robust tools to monitor oil displacement processes, with the potential to reveal the mechanisms of LSF and other procedures for enhanced oil recovery.

中文翻译:

低盐度注水磁共振研究以提高采收率

已经提出了低盐度注水(LSF)以提高石油采收率,全球范围内正在进行大型项目。但是,关于LSF增强采油率(EOR)的机制尚无共识。润湿性变化是最广泛接受的机制。在这项工作中,磁共振(MR)和磁共振成像(MRI)用于在模型实验室规模的LSF实验过程中监测油驱替过程。MR和MRI测量允许评估假定的LSF机制。制备了两个粘土涂层的沙包,其中一个带有不膨胀的高岭石,另一个带有膨胀的蒙脱石,作为LSF的模型多孔介质。用弛豫时间测量来评估孔隙流体(油和水)与涂有粘土的孔隙表面之间的相互作用。MRI方法,自旋回波单点成像(SE-SPI),T 2沿沙堆分布。根据SE-SPI测量确定油饱和度曲线。提出了一种新的微分弛豫时间分布方法,用于油饱和度估算。测量孔隙流体的自扩散系数。根据油的扩散系数随LSF的变化,提出了LSF润湿性变化的机理。讨论了高岭石和蒙脱石行为之间的异同。这项工作表明MR和MRI是监测油驱替过程的强大工具,并有可能揭示LSF的机理和其他提高采油率的程序。
更新日期:2017-09-14
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