Diverse microbial communities of bacteria, archaea, viruses and single-celled eukaryotes have crucial roles in the environment and in human health. However, microbes are frequently difficult to culture in the laboratory, which can confound cataloging of members and understanding of how communities function. High-throughput sequencing technologies and a suite of computational pipelines have been combined into shotgun metagenomics methods that have transformed microbiology. Still, computational approaches to overcome the challenges that affect both assembly-based and mapping-based metagenomic profiling, particularly of high-complexity samples or environments containing organisms with limited similarity to sequenced genomes, are needed. Understanding the functions and characterizing specific strains of these communities offers biotechnological promise in therapeutic discovery and innovative ways to synthesize products using microbial factories and can pinpoint the contributions of microorganisms to planetary, animal and human health.

中文翻译：

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gun弹枪宏基因组学，从采样到分析

细菌，古细菌，病毒和单细胞真核生物的各种微生物群落在环境和人类健康中具有至关重要的作用。但是，微生物通常很难在实验室中培养，这会混淆成员的分类和对社区功能的理解。高通量测序技术和一套计算管线已被结合到shot弹枪宏基因组学方法中，从而改变了微生物学。尽管如此，仍需要一种计算方法来克服影响基于程序集和基于映射的宏基因组分析的挑战，特别是对于高复杂度样品或包含与测序基因组相似性有限的生物的环境。