The field of quantum algorithms aims to find ways to speed up the solution of computational problems by using a quantum computer. A key milestone in this field will be when a universal quantum computer performs a computational task that is beyond the capability of any classical computer, an event known as quantum supremacy. This would be easier to achieve experimentally than full-scale quantum computing, but involves new theoretical challenges. Here we present the leading proposals to achieve quantum supremacy, and discuss how we can reliably compare the power of a classical computer to the power of a quantum computer.

中文翻译：

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量子计算霸权

量子算法领域旨在通过使用量子计算机找到加速解决计算问题的方法。该领域的一个关键里程碑将是通用量子计算机何时执行超出任何经典计算机能力的计算任务，这一事件被称为量子霸权。这比全尺寸量子计算更容易通过实验实现，但涉及新的理论挑战。在这里，我们提出了实现量子霸权的主要建议，并讨论了我们如何可靠地比较经典计算机与量子计算机的能力。