Discharge of nitrogen (N) from fertilizers applied to vegetables is becoming a serious environmental problem. In a field experiment involving a celery-tomato-fallow-lettuce rotation, leaching was the primary pathway of N loss (56.1 ± 0.4% of the total), followed, in descending order, by runoff (11.7 ± 0.3%), N₂O emissions (1.6 ± 0.1%), and volatilization of ammonia (0.5 ± 0.1%). Decreasing the traditional dose of N by 40% in each growth season decreased N leaching by 22.3 ± 4.5, 39.8 ± 6.7, 40.3 ± 2.9 and 27.4 ± 3.6% in celery, tomato, fallow and lettuce seasons, respectively, without any yield loss, and modifying the rotation to include a leguminous crop reduced the N leaching by 72 ± 2, 40 ± 3, 24 ± 2 and 13 ± 1% in each season, respectively, without any economic impact. These measures decreased annual N leaching by 36 ± 4%. A combination of the eco-ditches and wetland paddy fields adjacent to the vegetable plot led to annual N removal efficiency of 73 ± 6% in runoff.

中文翻译：

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蔬菜生产中氮的排放途径是面源污染及其控制措施

从施于蔬菜的肥料中释放氮（N）正成为一个严重的环境问题。在涉及芹菜-西红柿-莴苣轮作的田间试验中，淋溶是氮素流失的主要途径（占总数的56.1±0.4％），其次是降水（11.7±0.3％），N ₂O排放（1.6±0.1％），氨气挥发（0.5±0.1％）。在每个生长季节将传统氮素剂量减少40％，在芹菜，番茄，休耕和生菜季节，氮素淋失分别减少22.3±4.5、39.8±6.7、40.3±2.9和27.4±3.6％，而没有任何产量损失，调整轮作使其包括豆科作物，则每个季节的氮淋失分别减少72±2、40±3、24±2和13±1％，而没有任何经济影响。这些措施使年度氮淋失减少了36±4％。邻近菜地的生态沟和湿地稻田相结合，导致径流年除氮效率为73±6％。