Li–air batteries have attracted intensive recent research attention owing to their extremely high energy density that is ten times that of the conventional Li-ion batteries; however, achieving this energy capability in practical Li–air batteries has been proven to be difficult. A lot of effort has been devoted to improving their stability, energy efficiency and cycle life with a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms. The electrochemical processes associated with the reversible formation/decomposition of Li₂O₂ are affected by the surrounding conditions, which often involve several side reactions. In this review, we summarize recent progress in Li–air batteries, especially in the side reactions taking place in the electrochemical process, including carbon corrosion in the cathodes, electrolyte degradation, and the shuttle effect of redox mediators in the electrolytes as well as contaminants from the air (CO₂, H₂O, and N₂). The main strategies for suppressing or making full use of these side reactions for enhancing the performance of Li–air batteries are presented. Meanwhile, we also provide perspectives on the development of Li–air batteries.

中文翻译：

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了解和抑制锂空气电池中的副反应

锂空气电池由于其极高的能量密度（是传统锂离子电池的十倍）而引起了近期的广泛研究关注。然而，事实证明，在实际的锂空气电池中实现这种能量功能非常困难。为了更好地了解反应机理，人们已经付出了很多努力来改善它们的稳定性，能效和循环寿命。与Li ₂ O ₂可逆形成/分解有关的电化学过程会受到周围环境的影响，而周围环境通常涉及多种副反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了锂空气电池的最新进展，特别是在电化学过程中发生的副反应中，包括阴极的碳腐蚀，电解质的降解以及电解质中氧化还原介体和污染物的穿梭效应。来自空气（CO ₂，H ₂ O和N ₂）。提出了抑制或充分利用这些副反应来增强锂空气电池性能的主要策略。同时，我们还提供了有关锂空气电池发展的观点。