Abstract The full three-dimensional stress state of 172 individual bulk grains in austenitic stainless steel 316 L at 0.1 and 1% sample elongation has been determined with sufficient accuracy to allow comparison with the theoretical Bishop-Hill stress states for plastically deforming grains as well as calculation of the resolved shear stresses on the individual slip systems. At 0.1%, the resolved shear stresses exhibit quite large variations between grains of similar orientation. When averaging over similarly oriented grains, the resolved shear stresses correspond to the Schmid factors for uniaxial tension. At 1%, only about half of the grains were close to a Bishop-Hill stress state. The stress state of the other half of the grains was closer to the applied uniaxial stress, in between Bishop-Hill states, or in some cases none of these. The orientation dependence of the assigned stress states deviate somewhat from the theoretical expectation. These deviations are found to originate from a larger tensile stress component than in the theoretical Bishop-Hill stress states and to be associated also with deviations from axisymmetric plastic strain. This conclusion was supported by finite-element crystal plasticity simulations.

中文翻译：

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在奥氏体不锈钢的单个晶粒中测量的分辨剪切应力和 Bishop-Hill 应力状态

摘要 奥氏体不锈钢 316 L 中 172 个单个散装晶粒在 0.1 和 1% 样品伸长率下的完整三维应力状态已被足够准确地确定，以便与塑性变形晶粒的理论 Bishop-Hill 应力状态进行比较。计算单个滑移系统的解析剪应力。在 0.1% 时，解析的剪切应力在相似取向的晶粒之间表现出相当大的变化。当对类似取向的晶粒求平均时，解析的剪切应力对应于单轴拉伸的 Schmid 因子。在 1% 时，只有大约一半的谷物接近 Bishop-Hill 应力状态。另一半晶粒的应力状态更接近于施加的单轴应力，介于 Bishop-Hill 状态之间，或者在某些情况下没有这些状态。指定应力状态的方向依赖性与理论预期有所不同。发现这些偏差源于比理论 Bishop-Hill 应力状态更大的拉伸应力分量，并且还与轴对称塑性应变的偏差有关。这一结论得到了有限元晶体塑性模拟的支持。