The adult mammalian heart possesses only limited capacity for innate regeneration and the response to severe injury is dominated by the formation of scar tissue. Current therapy to replace damaged cardiac tissue is limited to cardiac transplantation and thus many patients suffer progressive decay in the heart's pumping capacity to the point of heart failure. Nanostructured systems have the potential to revolutionize both preventive and therapeutic approaches for treating cardiovascular disease. Here, we outline recent advancements in nanotechnology that could be exploited to overcome the major obstacles in the prevention of and therapy for heart disease. We also discuss emerging trends in nanotechnology affecting the cardiovascular field that may offer new hope for patients suffering massive heart attacks.

中文翻译：

---

多尺度技术治疗缺血性心肌病

成年哺乳动物心脏仅具有有限的先天再生能力，并且对严重损伤的反应主要由疤痕组织的形成决定。当前替代受损的心脏组织的疗法仅限于心脏移植，因此许多患者的心脏泵血能力逐渐恶化，直至出现心力衰竭。纳米结构系统具有彻底改变预防和治疗心血管疾病的方法的潜力。在这里，我们概述了纳米技术的最新进展，可以利用这些进展来克服预防和治疗心脏病的主要障碍。我们还将讨论影响心血管领域的纳米技术的新兴趋势，这可能为遭受大规模心脏病发作的患者提供新的希望。