In this study, we investigated the performance of conventional (coagulation/flocculation → powdered activated carbon [PAC] adsorption) and advanced treatment (coagulation/flocculation → PAC adsorption → submerged ultrafiltration [UF] membrane) processes separately and sequentially for the removal of total (intra- and extracellular) microcystin. Results of the conventional treatment process demonstrated that coagulation/flocculation alone was not effective (up to 70%) for the removal of total microcystin, while the uptake of total microcystin was achieved up to 84% by PAC adsorption (PAC dose of 20 mg/L). In addition, the adsorption kinetic mechanism of PAC was also examined using several kinetic models. Results showed that the pseudo-second order (PSOM) and Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model (IPDM) are the most suitable models for this study (r² > 0.98 and p-values ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, up to 94% of microcystin was effectively removed when the coagulation/flocculation and PAC systems were combined with UF membranes. Also, the permeate concentration was found to be 0.3 mg/L, which is below the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of 1 μg/L. Overall results indicated that higher removal of microcystin occurred using the advanced treatment process. Therefore, this combined system appears to be a promising treatment technique for the removal of total microcystin.

中文翻译：

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淹没超滤（UF）膜结合混凝/絮凝和粉末状活性炭（PAC）吸附去除细胞内和细胞外微囊藻毒素

在这项研究中，我们分别研究了常规（凝结/絮凝→粉末状活性炭[PAC]吸附）和高级处理（凝结/絮凝→PAC吸附→浸入超滤[UF]膜）的性能，以去除总残留物。 （细胞内和细胞外）微囊藻毒素。常规处理过程的结果表明，仅通过凝结/絮凝无法有效去除总微囊藻毒素（高达70％），而通过PAC吸附（PAC剂量为20 mg / L）。此外，还使用几种动力学模型检查了PAC的吸附动力学机理。²  > 0.98，且p值≤0.05）。另一方面，将凝结/絮凝和PAC系统与超滤膜结合使用时，可有效去除高达94％的微囊藻毒素。此外，发现渗透物浓度为0.3 mg / L，低于世界卫生组织（WHO）的指导值1μg/ L。总体结果表明，使用先进的处理工艺可以去除更高的微囊藻毒素。因此，该组合系统似乎是去除总微囊藻毒素的有前途的治疗技术。