The intrinsic electrical characteristics of different types of neurons are shaped by the K⁺ channels they express. From among the more than 70 different K⁺ channel genes expressed in neurons, Kv3 family voltage-dependent K⁺ channels are uniquely associated with the ability of certain neurons to fire action potentials and to release neurotransmitter at high rates of up to 1,000 Hz. In general, the four Kv3 channels Kv3.1–Kv3.4 share the property of activating and deactivating rapidly at potentials more positive than other channels. Each Kv3 channel gene can generate multiple protein isoforms, which contribute to the high-frequency firing of neurons such as auditory brain stem neurons, fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and to regulation of neurotransmitter release at the terminals of many neurons. The different Kv3 channels have unique expression patterns and biophysical properties and are regulated in different ways by protein kinases. In this review, we cover the function, localization, and modulation of Kv3 channels and describe how levels and properties of the channels are altered by changes in ongoing neuronal activity. We also cover how the protein-protein interaction of these channels with other proteins affects neuronal functions, and how mutations or abnormal regulation of Kv3 channels are associated with neurological disorders such as ataxias, epilepsies, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease.

中文翻译：

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Kv3 通道：快速放电、神经递质释放和神经元耐力的推动者

不同类型神经元的内在电特性由它们表达的 K ⁺通道决定。在神经元中表达的 70 多种不同的 K ⁺通道基因中，Kv3 家族电压依赖性 K ⁺通道与某些神经元激发动作电位和以高达 1,000 Hz 的高速率释放神经递质的能力独特相关。一般来说，四个 Kv3 通道 Kv3.1-Kv3.4 具有在比其他通道更正的电位下快速激活和失活的特性。每个Kv3通道基因可以产生多种蛋白质亚型，这些亚型有助于神经元的高频放电，例如听觉脑干神经元、快速放电的GABA能中间神经元和小脑的浦肯野细胞，并调节神经末梢的神经递质释放。许多神经元。不同的 Kv3 通道具有独特的表达模式和生物物理特性，并受蛋白激酶以不同的方式调节。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 Kv3 通道的功能、定位和调制，并描述了通道的水平和特性如何因持续神经元活动的变化而改变。我们还介绍了这些通道与其他蛋白质的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用如何影响神经元功能，以及 Kv3 通道的突变或异常调节如何与共济失调、癫痫、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病等神经系统疾病相关。