In agricultural lowland landscapes, intensive agricultural is accompanied by a wide use of agrochemical application, like pesticides and fertilizers. The latter often causes serious environmental threats such as N compounds leaching and surface water eutrophication; additionally, since perchlorate can be present as impurities in many fertilizers, the potential presence of perchlorates and their by-products like chlorates and chlorites in shallow groundwater could be a reason of concern. In this light, the present manuscript reports the first temporal and spatial variation of chlorates, chlorites and major anions concentrations in the shallow unconfined aquifer belonging to Ferrara province (in the Po River plain). The study was made in 56 different locations to obtain insight on groundwater chemical composition and its sediment matrix interactions.

During the monitoring period from 2010 to 2011, in June 2011 a nonpoint pollution of chlorates was found in the shallow unconfined aquifer belonging to Ferrara province. Detected chlorates concentrations ranged between 0.01 and 38 mg/l with an average value of 2.9 mg/l. Chlorates were found in 49 wells out of 56 and in all types of lithology constituting the shallow aquifer. Chlorates concentrations appeared to be linked to NO₃⁻, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and oxygen reduction potential (ORP) variations. Chlorates behaviour was related to the biodegradation of perchlorates, since perchlorates are favourable electron acceptors for the oxidation of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater. Further studies must take into consideration to monitor ClO₄⁻ in pore waters and groundwater to better elucidate the mass flux of ClO₄⁻ in shallow aquifers belonging to agricultural landscapes.

在农业低地景观中，集约化农业伴随着农药，化肥等农用化学品的广泛使用。后者经常造成严重的环境威胁，例如N化合物浸出和地表水富营养化。另外，由于高氯酸盐可能作为许多肥料中的杂质存在，因此在浅层地下水中可能存在高氯酸盐及其副产物，如氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐。有鉴于此，本手稿报告了属于费拉拉省（在波河平原）的浅层无限制含水层中氯酸盐，亚氯酸盐和主要阴离子浓度的首次时空变化。这项研究是在56个不同的地点进行的，旨在深入了解地下水的化学成分及其与沉积物基质的相互作用。

在2010年至2011年的监测期内，2011年6月，在费拉拉省的浅层无限制含水层中发现了氯酸盐的非点源污染。检测到的氯酸盐浓度范围为0.01至38 mg / l，平均值为2.9 mg / l。在56口井中的49口井以及构成浅层含水层的各种岩性中均发现了氯酸盐。氯酸盐浓度似乎被链接到NO ₃ ^- ，挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和氧还原电位（ORP）的变化。氯酸盐的行为与高氯酸盐的生物降解有关，因为高氯酸盐是氧化地下水中不稳定的可溶性有机碳（DOC）的有利电子受体。进一步的研究必须考虑到监视CLO ₄ ^-孔隙水和地下水，以更好地阐明CLO的质量流量₄ ^-在浅水层属于农业景观。