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Histone Methylation by SET Domain Proteins in Fungi
Annual Review of Microbiology ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-08 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095757
Michael Freitag 1
Affiliation  

Histone-modifying enzymes are responsible for regulating transcription, recombination, DNA repair, DNA replication, chromatid cohesion, and chromosome segregation. Fungi are ideally suited for comparative chromatin biology because sequencing of numerous genomes from many clades is coupled to existing rich methodology that allows truly holistic approaches, integrating evolutionary biology with mechanistic molecular biology and ecology, promising applications in medicine or plant pathology. While genome information is rich, mechanistic studies on histone modifications are largely restricted to two yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and one filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa—three species that arguably are not representative of this diverse kingdom. Here, histone methylation serves as a paradigm to illustrate the roles chromatin modifications may play in more complex fungal life cycles. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of histone H3 methylation at two sites associated with active transcription, lysine 4 and lysine 36 (H3K4, H3K36); a site associated with the formation of constitutive heterochromatin, lysine 9 (H3K9); and a site associated with the formation of facultative heterochromatin, lysine 27 (H3K27). Special attention is paid to differences in how methylation marks interact in different taxa.

中文翻译:


SET域蛋白在真菌中的组蛋白甲基化

组蛋白修饰酶负责调节转录,重组,DNA修复,DNA复制,染色单体凝聚力和染色体分离。真菌非常适合用于比较染色质生物学,因为对来自多个进化枝的众多基因组进行测序与现有的丰富方法相结合,可以实现真正的整体方法,将进化生物学与机械分子生物学和生态学结合在一起,有望在医学或植物病理学中应用。尽管基因组信息丰富,但对组蛋白修饰的机理研究主要限于两种酵母:酿酒酵母裂殖酵母;一种丝状真菌:神经孢霉。—可以说不能代表这个多样化王国的三种物种。在这里,组蛋白甲基化充当范例说明染色质修饰可能在更复杂的真菌生命周期中发挥的作用。这篇综述总结了我们在与活性转录相关的两个位点赖氨酸4和赖氨酸36(H3K4,H3K36)相关的组蛋白H3甲基化理解方面的最新进展;与组成型异染色质赖氨酸9(H3K9)形成相关的位点; 一个与兼性异染色质赖氨酸27(H3K27)形成相关的位点。要特别注意甲基化标记在不同分类单元中的相互作用方式的差异。

更新日期:2017-09-08
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