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The Critical Roles of Polysaccharides in Gut Microbial Ecology and Physiology
Annual Review of Microbiology ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-08 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095316
Nathan T Porter 1 , Eric C Martens 1
Affiliation  

The human intestine harbors a dense microbial ecosystem (microbiota) that is different between individuals, dynamic over time, and critical for aspects of health and disease. Dietary polysaccharides directly shape the microbiota because of a gap in human digestive physiology, which is equipped to assimilate only proteins, lipids, simple sugars, and starch, leaving nonstarch polysaccharides as major nutrients reaching the microbiota. A mutualistic role of gut microbes is to digest dietary complex carbohydrates, liberating host-absorbable energy via fermentation products. Emerging data indicate that polysaccharides play extensive roles in host–gut microbiota symbiosis beyond dietary polysaccharide digestion, including microbial interactions with endogenous host glycans and the importance of microbial polysaccharides. In this review, we consider multiple mechanisms through which polysaccharides mediate aspects of host-microbe symbiosis in the gut, including some affecting health. As host and microbial metabolic pathways are intimately connected with diet, we highlight the potential to manipulate this system for health.

中文翻译:


多糖在肠道微生物生态学和生理学中的关键作用

人类肠道拥有密集的微生物生态系统(微生物群),该生态系统因个体而异,随着时间的推移而动态变化,对健康和疾病方面至关重要。由于人体消化生理学的空白,膳食多糖直接塑造微生物群,人体消化生理学只能吸收蛋白质、脂质、单糖和淀粉,而非淀粉多糖作为到达微生物群的主要营养物质。肠道微生物的共生作用是消化饮食中的复杂碳水化合物,通过发酵产物释放宿主可吸收的能量。新数据表明,除了膳食多糖消化之外,多糖在宿主-肠道微生物群共生中发挥着广泛作用,包括微生物与内源性宿主聚糖的相互作用以及微生物多糖的重要性。在这篇综述中,我们考虑了多糖介导肠道宿主-微生物共生的多种机制,包括一些影响健康的机制。由于宿主和微生物的代谢途径与饮食密切相关,我们强调了操纵该系统以促进健康的潜力。

更新日期:2017-09-08
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