Changes in protein expression levels and protein structure may indicate genomic mutations and may be related to some diseases. Therefore, the precise quantification and characterization of proteins can be used for disease diagnosis. Compared with several other alternative methods, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is regarded as an excellent choice for the quantification and structural characterization of proteins. Herein, we review the main advance of using plasmonic nanostructures as SERS sensing platform for this purpose. Three design approaches, including direct SERS, indirect SERS, and SERS-encoded nanoparticles, are discussed in the direction of developing new precise approaches of quantification and characterization of proteins. While this Review is focused on proteins, in order to highlight concepts of SERS-based sensors also detection of other biomolecules will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质和其他生物分子的SERS定量和表征

蛋白质表达水平和蛋白质结构的变化可能表明基因组突变，并且可能与某些疾病有关。因此，蛋白质的精确定量和表征可用于疾病诊断。与其他几种替代方法相比，表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱被认为是蛋白质定量和结构表征的绝佳选择。本文中，我们综述了使用等离激元纳米结构作为SERS传感平台的主要进展。在开发新的精确定量和表征蛋白质的精确方法的方向上，讨论了三种设计方法，包括直接SERS，间接SERS和SERS编码的纳米颗粒。虽然本评论的重点是蛋白质，