Nanotoxicology has become an established area of science due to growing concerns over the production and potential use of nanomaterials in a wide-range of areas from pharmaceutics to nanomedicine. Although different cytotoxicity assays have been developed and are widely used to determine the toxicity of nanomaterials, the production of multi-parametric information in a rapid and non-invasive way is still challenging, when the amount and diversity of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are considered. High content screening can provide such analysis, but is often prohibitive in terms of capital and recurrent costs in academic environments. As a label-free technique, the applicability of Raman microspectroscopy for the analysis of cells, tissues and bodily fluids has been extensively demonstrated. The multi-parametric information in the fingerprint region has also been used for the determination of nanoparticle localisation and toxicity. In this study, the applicability of Raman microspectroscopy as a ‘high content nanotoxicological screening technique’ is demonstrated, with the aid of multivariate analysis, on non-cancerous (immortalized human bronchial epithelium) and cancerous cell-lines (human lung carcinoma and human lung epidermoid cells). Aminated polystyrene nanoparticles are chosen as model nanoparticles due to their well-established toxic properties and cells were exposed to the nanoparticles for periods from 24–72 hours. Spectral markers of cellular responses such as oxidative stress, cytoplasmic RNA aberrations and liposomal rupture are identified and cell-line dependent systematic variations in these spectral markers, as a function of the exposure time, are observed using Raman microspectroscopy, and are correlated with cellular assays and imaging techniques.

中文翻译：

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使用拉曼光谱仪进行无标签，高含量的筛选：不同细胞系对胺改性的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子（PS-NH ₂）的毒理反应

由于从药物学到纳米医学的广泛领域中对纳米材料的生产和潜在使用的日益关注，纳米毒理学已成为科学领域。尽管已经开发出不同的细胞毒性测定方法并广泛用于确定纳米材料的毒性，但是考虑到纳米材料的理化性质的数量和多样性，以快速且无创的方式产生多参数信息仍然具有挑战性。高内容筛选可以提供这样的分析，但在学术环境中，在资金和经常性费用方面通常是令人望而却步的。作为一种无标记技术，已经广泛证明了拉曼光谱技术在分析细胞，组织和体液方面的适用性。指纹区域中的多参数信息也已用于确定纳米粒子的位置和毒性。在这项研究中，借助多变量分析，证明了拉曼光谱技术作为“高含量纳米毒理学筛查技术”的适用性在非癌性（永生化的人支气管上皮）和癌细胞系（人肺癌和人肺）上的应用。表皮样细胞）。由于胺化的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子具有良好的毒性，因此它们被选作模型纳米粒子，并且细胞会暴露在纳米粒子中24-72小时。可以识别细胞反应的光谱标记物，例如氧化应激，胞质RNA畸变和脂质体破裂，并在这些光谱标记物中依赖细胞系进行系统的变异，