This study reports unconventional, all‐room‐temperature shape memory (SM) effects using templated macroporous shape memory polymer (SMP) photonic crystals comprising a glassy copolymer with high‐glass transition temperature. “Cold” programming of permanent periodic structures into temporary disordered configurations can be achieved by slowly evaporating various swelling solvents (e.g., ethanol) imbibed in the interconnecting macropores. The deformed macropores can be instantaneously recovered to the permanent geometry by exposing it to vapors and liquids of swelling solvents. By contrast, nonswelling solvents (e.g., hexane) cannot trigger “cold” programming and SM recovery. Extensive experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the dynamics of swelling‐induced plasticizing effects caused by fast diffusion of solvent molecules into the walls of macropores with nanoscopic thickness dominate both “cold” programming and recovery processes. Importantly, the striking color changes associated with the reversible SM transitions enable novel chromogenic sensors for selectively detecting trace amounts of swelling analytes mixed in nonswelling solvents. Using ethanol–hexane solutions as proof‐of‐concept mixtures, the ethanol detection limit of 150 ppm has been demonstrated. Besides reusable sensors, which can find important applications in environmental monitoring and petroleum process/product control, the programmable SMP photonic crystals possessing high mechanical strengths and all‐room‐temperature processability can provide vast opportunities in developing reconfigurable/rewritable nanooptical devices.

中文翻译：

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溶胀诱导全室温度形状记忆效应实现的可编程大孔光子晶体

这项研究报告了使用包含玻璃化共聚物且玻璃化转变温度高的模板化大孔形状记忆聚合物（SMP）光子晶体的非常规全室温形状记忆（SM）效应。通过缓慢蒸发相互连接的大孔中吸收的各种溶胀溶剂（例如乙醇），可以将永久周期性结构“冷”编程为临时无序构型。通过将变形的大孔暴露于溶胀溶剂的蒸汽和液体中，可以立即将其恢复为永久性几何形状。相比之下，非溶胀性溶剂（例如，己烷）不能触发“冷”编程和SM回收。广泛的实验和理论研究表明，由溶剂分子快速扩散到具有纳米厚度的大孔壁中引起的溶胀诱导的增塑作用的动力学在“冷”编程和恢复过程中均占主导地位。重要的是，与可逆SM转换相关的显着颜色变化使新型生色传感器能够选择性地检测痕量的溶胀在非溶胀溶剂中的溶胀分析物。使用乙醇-己烷溶液作为概念验证混合物，已证明乙醇检测限为150 ppm。除了可重复使用的传感器，这些传感器可以在环境监测和石油加工/产品控制中找到重要的应用，