The mechanism behind the temperature dependence of the device performance in hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is investigated systematically. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the reference cell using [60]PCBM as electron extraction layer (EEL) drops significantly from 11.9% at 295 K to 7% at 180 K. The deteriorated charge carrier extraction is found as the dominant factor causing this degradation. Temperature dependent spectroscopy and charge transport studies demonstrate that the poor electron transport in the [60]PCBM EEL at low temperature leads to inefficient charge carrier extraction. It is further demonstrated that the n‐type doping of [60]PCBM EEL or the use of an EEL (fulleropyrrolidine with a triethylene glycol monoethyl ether side chain) with higher electron transport capability is an effective strategy to achieve HPSCs working efficiently over a broad temperature range. The devices fabricated with these highly performing EELs have PCEs at 180 K of 16.7% and 18.2%, respectively. These results support the idea that the temperature dependence of the electron transport in the EELs limits the device performance in HPSCs, especially at lower temperatures and they also give directions toward further improvement of the PCE of HPSCs at realistic operating temperatures.

中文翻译：

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宽温度范围内的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池：电荷载流子提取的作用

系统地研究了钙钛矿杂化太阳能电池（HPSC）中器件性能与温度相关的机理。使用[60] PCBM作为电子提取层（EEL）的参考电池的功率转换效率（PCE）从295 K时的11.9％显着降低到180 K时的7％。这种退化。温度相关的光谱学和电荷传输研究表明，[60] PCBM EEL中较差的电子传输在低温下会导致电荷载流子提取效率低下。进一步证明，[60] PCBM EEL的n型掺杂或使用具有较高电子传输能力的EEL（具有三乙二醇单乙醚侧链的全吡咯烷酮）是使HPSC在宽范围内有效工作的有效策略。温度范围。用这些高性能EEL制造的器件在180 K时的PCE分别为16.7％和18.2％。这些结果支持这样的想法，即EEL中电子传输的温度依赖性限制了HPSC中的器件性能，尤其是在较低温度下，并且它们还为进一步改善HPSC在实际工作温度下的PCE提供了方向。