We synthesize findings from one of the world's largest and longest‐running experimental investigations, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). Spanning an area of ∼1000 km2 in central Amazonia, the BDFFP was initially designed to evaluate the effects of fragment area on rainforest biodiversity and ecological processes. However, over its 38‐year history to date the project has far transcended its original mission, and now focuses more broadly on landscape dynamics, forest regeneration, regional‐ and global‐change phenomena, and their potential interactions and implications for Amazonian forest conservation. The project has yielded a wealth of insights into the ecological and environmental changes in fragmented forests. For instance, many rainforest species are naturally rare and hence are either missing entirely from many fragments or so sparsely represented as to have little chance of long‐term survival. Additionally, edge effects are a prominent driver of fragment dynamics, strongly affecting forest microclimate, tree mortality, carbon storage and a diversity of fauna.

中文翻译：

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作为全球变化实验室的亚马逊雨林及其碎片

我们综合了世界上最大、持续时间最长的实验调查之一——森林碎片生物动力学项目 (BDFFP) 的发现。BDFFP 跨越亚马逊中部约 1000 平方公里的区域，最初设计用于评估碎片区域对雨林生物多样性和生态过程的影响。然而，迄今为止，该项目已有 38 年的历史，远远超出了其最初的使命，现在更广泛地关注景观动态、森林再生、区域和全球变化现象，以及它们对亚马逊森林保护的潜在相互作用和影响。该项目对支离破碎的森林中的生态和环境变化产生了丰富的见解。例如，许多热带雨林物种天然稀有，因此要么从许多碎片中完全消失，要么很少出现，以至于几乎没有长期生存的机会。此外，边缘效应是碎片动态的主要驱动因素，强烈影响森林小气候、树木死亡率、碳储存和动物群的多样性。