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The biogeography of tropical reef fishes: endemism and provinciality through time
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-02-23 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12323
Peter F. Cowman 1, 2 , Valeriano Parravicini 3 , Michel Kulbicki 4 , Sergio R. Floeter 5
Affiliation  

The largest marine biodiversity hotspot straddles the Indian and Pacific Oceans, driven by taxa associated with tropical coral reefs. Centred on the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA), this biodiversity hotspot forms the ‘bullseye’ of a steep gradient in species richness from this centre to the periphery of the vast Indo‐Pacific region. Complex patterns of endemism, wide‐ranging species and assemblage differences have obscured our understanding of the genesis of this biodiversity pattern and its maintenance across two‐thirds of the world's oceans. But time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies coupled with ancestral biogeographic estimates have provided a valuable framework in which to examine the origins of coral reef fish biodiversity across the tropics. Herein, we examine phylogenetic and biogeographic data for coral reef fishes to highlight temporal patterns of marine endemism and tropical provinciality. The ages and distribution of endemic lineages have often been used to identify areas of species creation and demise in the marine tropics and discriminate among multiple hypotheses regarding the origins of biodiversity in the IAA. Despite a general under‐sampling of endemic fishes in phylogenetic studies, the majority of locations today contain a mixture of potential paleo‐ and neo‐endemic fishes, pointing to multiple historical processes involved in the origin and maintenance of the IAA biodiversity hotspot. Increased precision and sampling of geographic ranges for reef fishes has permitted the division of discrete realms, regions and provinces across the tropics. Yet, such metrics are only beginning to integrate phylogenetic relatedness and ancestral biogeography. Here, we integrate phylogenetic diversity with ancestral biogeographic estimation of lineages to show how assemblage structure and tropical provinciality has changed through time.

中文翻译:

热带珊瑚鱼的生物地理学:随时间推移的特有性和地方性

最大的海洋生物多样性热点横跨印度洋和太平洋,由与热带珊瑚礁相关的分类群驱动。这个生物多样性热点以印度-澳大利亚群岛 (IAA) 为中心,形成了物种丰富度陡峭梯度的“靶心”,从该中心到广阔的印度-太平洋地区的外围。特有的复杂模式、范围广泛的物种和组合差异已经模糊了我们对这种生物多样性模式的起源及其在世界三分之二海洋中的维持的理解。但是,时间校准的分子系统发育与祖先生物地理估计提供了一个有价值的框架,可以在其中检查热带珊瑚礁鱼类生物多样性的起源。在此处,我们检查了珊瑚礁鱼类的系统发育和生物地理数据,以突出海洋特有性和热带地区性的时间模式。地方性谱系的年龄和分布经常被用来确定海洋热带物种的产生和灭绝区域,并区分关于 IAA 生物多样性起源的多种假设。尽管在系统发育研究中对地方性鱼类的抽样普遍不足,但今天的大多数地点都包含潜在的古和新地方性鱼类,这表明 IAA 生物多样性热点的起源和维护涉及多个历史过程。珊瑚鱼地理范围精度和采样的提高允许在热带地区划分离散的领域、地区和省份。然而,这些指标才刚刚开始整合系统发育相关性和祖先生物地理学。在这里,我们将系统发育多样性与谱系的祖先生物地理估计相结合,以显示组合结构和热带地区如何随时间变化。
更新日期:2017-02-23
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