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Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?
Water Research ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.006
Stefano Longo , Nicola Frison , Daniele Renzi , Francesco Fatone , Almudena Hospido

The environmental and economic benefits and burdens of including the first Short Cut Enhanced Nutrient Abatement (SCENA) into a real municipal wastewater treatment plant were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC). The implications of accomplishing nitrogen (N) removal and phosphorus (P) recovery via nitrite in the side stream were assessed taking into account the actual effluent quality improvement, the changes in the electricity and chemical consumption, N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions and the effects of land application of biosolids, among others. In addition, a case-specific estimation of the P availability when sludge is applied to land, therefore replacing conventional fertilizer, was performed. Furthermore, to account for the variability in input parameters, and to address the related uncertainties, Monte Carlo simulation was applied.The analysis revealed that SCENA in the side stream is an economic and environmentally friendly solution compared to the traditional plant layout with no side-stream treatment, thanks to the reduction of energy and chemical use for the removal of N and P, respectively. The uncertainty analysis proved the validity of the LCA results for global warming potential and impact categories related to the consumption of fossil-based electricity and chemicals, while robust conclusions could not be drawn on freshwater eutrophication and toxicity-related impact categories. Furthermore, three optimization scenarios were also evaluated proving that the performance of the WWTP can be further improved by, for instance, substituting gravitational for mechanical thickening of the sludge or changing the operational strategy to the chemically enhanced primary treatment, although this second alternative will increase the operational cost by 5%. Finally, the outcomes show that shifting P removal from chemical precipitation in the main line to biologically enhanced uptake in the side stream is key to reducing chemicals use, thus the operational cost, and increasing the environmental benefit of synthetic fertilizers replacement.

中文翻译:

从环境和经济角度来看,SCENA是用于侧流综合处理的好方法吗?

使用生命周期评估(LCA)和生命周期成本(LCC)评估了将第一个捷径增强营养削减(SCENA)纳入真正的市政废水处理厂所带来的环境和经济效益以及负担。考虑到实际废水质量的改善,电力和化学消耗的变化,N 2 O,CO 2和CH 4的变化,评估了通过侧流中的亚硝酸盐完成氮(N)去除和磷(P)回收的意义。排放以及生物固体在土地上的应用等方面的影响。此外,还进行了针对具体情况的污泥施用到土地上时磷的可利用性估算,因此替代了传统肥料。此外,考虑到输入参数的可变性并解决相关的不确定性,应用了蒙特卡洛模拟。分析表明,与传统的无侧向布置的工厂布置相比,侧流中的SCENA是一种经济和环境友好的解决方案。流处理,这要归功于减少了能源和化学物质的使用,分别去除了N和P。不确定性分析证明了LCA结果对于与化石基电力和化学药品的消耗有关的全球变暖潜力和影响类别的有效性,虽然无法得出关于淡水富营养化和毒性相关影响类别的可靠结论。此外,还评估了三个优化方案,证明可以通过以下方法进一步改善污水处理厂的性能:例如,用重力代替污泥的机械增稠或将操作策略改为化学强化的一级处理,尽管第二种替代方案将会增加运营成本降低了5%。最后,结果表明,将磷的去除从主干中的化学沉淀转移到侧流中生物吸收的生物增加,对于减少化学品的使用,从而降低运营成本以及增加合成肥料替代品的环境效益至关重要。此外,还评估了三个优化方案,证明可以通过以下方法进一步改善污水处理厂的性能:例如,用重力代替污泥的机械增稠或将操作策略改为化学强化的一级处理,尽管第二种替代方案将会增加运营成本降低了5%。最后,结果表明,将磷的去除从主干中的化学沉淀转移到侧流中生物吸收的生物增加,对于减少化学品的使用,从而降低运营成本以及增加合成肥料替代品的环境效益至关重要。此外,还评估了三个优化方案,证明可以通过以下方法进一步改善污水处理厂的性能:例如,用重力代替污泥的机械增稠或将操作策略改为化学强化的一级处理,尽管第二种替代方案将会增加运营成本降低了5%。最后,结果表明,将磷的去除从主干中的化学沉淀转移到侧流中生物吸收的生物增加,对于减少化学品的使用,从而降低运营成本以及增加合成肥料替代品的环境效益至关重要。用重力代替污泥的机械增稠或将操作策略更改为化学强化的一级处理,尽管第二种选择将使操作成本增加5%。最后,结果表明,将磷的去除从主干中的化学沉淀转移到侧流中生物吸收的生物增加,对于减少化学品的使用,从而降低运营成本以及增加合成肥料替代品的环境效益至关重要。用重力代替污泥的机械增稠或将操作策略更改为化学强化的一级处理,尽管第二种选择将使操作成本增加5%。最后,结果表明,将磷的去除从主干中的化学沉淀转移到侧流中生物吸收的生物增加,对于减少化学品的使用,从而降低运营成本以及增加合成肥料替代品的环境效益至关重要。
更新日期:2017-09-06
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