Vocal learning is an exclusively human trait among primates. However, songbirds demonstrate behavioral features resembling human speech learning. Two circuits have a preeminent role in this human behavior; namely, the corticostriatal and the cerebrocerebellar motor loops. While the striatal contribution can be traced back to the avian anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), the sensorimotor adaptation functions of the cerebellum appear to be human specific in acoustic communication. This review contributes to an ongoing discussion on how birdsong translates into human speech. While earlier approaches were focused on higher linguistic functions, we place the motor aspects of speaking at center stage. Genetic data are brought together with clinical and developmental evidence to outline the role of cerebrocerebellar and corticostriatal interactions in human speech.

中文翻译：

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皮层下对运动语言的贡献：系统发育、发育、临床

声音学习是灵长类动物独有的人类特征。然而，鸣禽表现出类似于人类语音学习的行为特征。有两个回路在这种人类行为中扮演着重要角色；即皮质纹状体和小脑运动回路。虽然纹状体的贡献可以追溯到禽类前脑通路 (AFP)，但小脑的感觉运动适应功能似乎是人类特有的声学交流。这篇综述有助于对鸟鸣如何转化为人类语言的持续讨论。虽然早期的方法侧重于更高的语言功能，但我们将说话的运动方面置于中心位置。