The evolutionarily conserved lateral habenula (LHb) enables dynamic responses to continually changing contexts and environmental conditions. A model is proposed to account for greater mnemonic and contextual control over LHb-mediated response flexibility as vertebrate brains became more complex. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) provides instructions for context-specific responses to LHb, which assesses the extent to which this response information matches the motivation or internal state of the individual. LHb output either maintains a prior response (match) or leads to alternative responses (mismatch). It may also maintain current spatial and temporal processing in hippocampus (match), or alter such activity to reflect updated trajectory and sequenced information (mismatch). A response flexibility function of the LHb is consistent with poor behavioral control following its disruption (e.g., in depression).

中文翻译：

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外侧缰核和适应性行为

进化上保守的侧缰核 (LHb) 能够对不断变化的环境和环境条件做出动态反应。随着脊椎动物大脑变得更加复杂，提出了一个模型来解释对 LHb 介导的反应灵活性的更大的助记符和上下文控制。内侧前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 为对 LHb 的上下文特定反应提供指令，它评估此反应信息与个人动机或内部状态的匹配程度。LHb 输出要么保持先前的反应（匹配），要么导致替代反应（不匹配）。它还可以维持海马体中当前的空间和时间处理（匹配），或改变此类活动以反映更新的轨迹和序列信息（不匹配）。