OCT has revolutionized the practice of ophthalmology over the past 10–20 years. Advances in OCT technology have allowed for the creation of novel OCT-based methods. OCT-Angiography (OCTA) is one such method that has rapidly gained clinical acceptance since it was approved by the FDA in late 2016. OCTA images are based on the variable backscattering of light from the vascular and neurosensory tissue in the retina. Since the intensity and phase of backscattered light from retinal tissue varies based on the intrinsic movement of the tissue (e.g. red blood cells are moving, but neurosensory tissue is static), OCTA images are essentially motion-contrast images. This motion-contrast imaging provides reliable, high resolution, and non-invasive images of the retinal vasculature in an efficient manner. In many cases, these images are approaching histology level resolution. This unprecedented resolution coupled with the simple, fast and non-invasive imaging platform have allowed a host of basic and clinical research applications. OCTA demonstrates many important clinical findings including areas of macular telangiectasia, impaired perfusion, microaneurysms, capillary remodeling, some types of intraretinal fluid, and neovascularization among many others. More importantly, OCTA provides depth-resolved information that has never before been available. Correspondingly, OCTA has been used to evaluate a spectrum of retinal vascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal venous occlusion (RVO), uveitis, retinal arterial occlusion, and age-related macular degeneration among others. In this review, we will discuss the methods used to create OCTA images, the practical applications of OCTA in light of invasive dye-imaging studies (e.g. fluorescein angiography) and review clinical studies demonstrating the utility of OCTA for research and clinical practice.

在过去 10-20 年里，OCT 彻底改变了眼科实践。OCT 技术的进步使得基于 OCT 的新型方法的创建成为可能。OCT 血管造影 (OCTA) 就是这样一种方法，自 2016 年底获得 FDA 批准以来，迅速获得了临床认可。OCTA 图像基于来自视网膜血管和神经感觉组织的光的可变反向散射。由于来自视网膜组织的反向散射光的强度和相位根据组织的固有运动（例如红细胞在运动，但神经感觉组织是静态的）而变化，因此OCTA图像本质上是运动对比图像。这种运动对比成像以有效的方式提供可靠、高分辨率且非侵入性的视网膜脉管系统图像。在许多情况下，这些图像接近组织学水平的分辨率。这种前所未有的分辨率加上简单、快速和非侵入性的成像平台使得许多基础和临床研究应用成为可能。OCTA 展示了许多重要的临床发现，包括黄斑毛细血管扩张、灌注受损、微动脉瘤、毛细血管重塑、某些类型的视网膜内液体和新血管形成等区域。更重要的是，OCTA 提供了前所未有的深度解析信息。相应地，OCTA 已用于评估一系列视网膜血管疾病，包括糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)、视网膜静脉阻塞 (RVO)、葡萄膜炎、视网膜动脉阻塞和年龄相关性黄斑变性等。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论用于创建 OCTA 图像的方法、OCTA 在侵入性染料成像研究（例如荧光素血管造影）中的实际应用，并回顾证明 OCTA 在研究和临床实践中的实用性的临床研究。