A leading strategy in tissue engineering is the design of biomimetic scaffolds that stimulate the body's repair mechanisms through the recruitment of endogenous stem cells to sites of injury. Approaches that employ the use of chemoattractant gradients to guide tissue regeneration without external cell sources are favored over traditional cell-based therapies that have limited potential for clinical translation. Following this concept, bioactive scaffolds can be engineered to provide a temporally and spatially controlled release of biological cues, with the possibility to mimic the complex signaling patterns of endogenous tissue regeneration. Another effective way to regulate stem cell activity is to leverage the inherent chemotactic properties of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based materials to build versatile cell-instructive platforms. This review introduces the concept of endogenous stem cell recruitment, and provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies available to achieve effective cardiovascular and bone tissue regeneration.

组织工程学中的一项领先策略是仿生支架的设计，该支架通过将内源性干细胞募集到损伤部位来刺激人体的修复机制。相较于传统的基于细胞的治疗方法，这种方法具有化学引诱剂梯度来引导组织再生而无需外部细胞来源的方法比传统的基于细胞的治疗方法具有有限的临床翻译潜力。遵循这个概念，可以设计生物活性支架以提供生物线索的时间和空间控制释放，并有可能模仿内源性组织再生的复杂信号传导模式。调节干细胞活性的另一种有效方法是利用基于细胞外基质（ECM）的材料的固有趋化特性来构建通用的细胞指导平台。