Previously, a calcium montmorillonite clay (NovaSil) included in the diet of animals has been shown to bind aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and reduce the symptoms of aflatoxicosis. To investigate and improve the capacity and efficacy of clay-based materials as aflatoxin sorbents, we developed and tested calcium and sodium montmorillonite clays amended with nutrients including l-carnitine and choline. Also, we determined the sorption of AfB1 by isothermal analysis and tested the ability of these amended sorbents to protect adult hydra from AfB1 toxicity. The results showed that exchanging montmorillonite clays with l-carnitine and choline inhibited swelling of the clays and increased the sorption capacity and efficacy of clay surfaces for AfB1. Results from dehydroxylated and heat-collapsed clays suggested that AfB1 was primarily adsorbed in the clay interlayer, as predicted from thermodynamic calculations and computational modeling. The hydra bioassay further indicated that the modified clays can significantly protect adult hydra from AfB1 with as low as 0.005% clay inclusion. This enterosorbent therapy may also be applied to screen hazardous chemicals such as pesticides and PAHs based on similar sorption mechanisms. Taken together, enterosorbent therapy could be delivered in nutritional supplements, foods that are vulnerable to aflatoxin contamination, flavored liquids and animal feeds during emergencies and outbreaks of acute aflatoxicosis, and as a screening model for hazardous environmental chemicals.

中文翻译：

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开发用于黄曲霉毒素B1和其他危险化学品的高容量肠吸收剂

以前，动物饮食中所含的钙蒙脱土（NovaSil）已显示与黄曲霉毒素B1（AfB1）结合并减轻黄曲霉病的症状。为了研究和提高粘土基材料作为黄曲霉毒素吸附剂的能力和功效，我们开发并测试了钙和钠蒙脱土粘土，并用1-肉碱和胆碱等营养素进行了改良。此外，我们通过等温分析确定了AfB1的吸附，并测试了这些修正的吸附剂保护成人水合物免受AfB1毒性的能力。结果表明，将蒙脱石粘土与L交换。-肉碱和胆碱抑制粘土的溶胀，并增加了粘土表面对AfB1的吸附能力和功效。根据热力学计算和计算模型的预测，脱羟基和热塌陷粘土的结果表明AfB1主要吸附在粘土夹层中。水合生物测定法进一步表明，改性黏土可以低至0.005％的黏土含量，显着保护成年水合免受AfB1的侵害。这种肠吸收疗法也可以基于相似的吸收机理，用于筛选有害化学物质，例如农药和多环芳烃。总之，肠吸收治疗可以通过营养补充剂，易受黄曲霉毒素污染的食品，在紧急情况和急性黄曲霉菌病爆发期间易受调味的液体和动物饲料的形式提供，