A high-loading electrode is essential for establishing high-energy-density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, but it is confronted with critical challenges. Herein, we present a free-standing poached-egg-shaped architecture through a facile template-supported vacuum-filtration strategy and employ it as an efficient sulfur host for Li–S batteries. This unique architecture guarantees an effective encapsulation of the “sulfur yolk” inside the fully vacuum-sealed framework, effectively limiting the active material loss and polysulfide diffusion. Also, the conductive and porous framework serves as an interlinked electron pathway and electrolyte channel, greatly facilitating fast electric/ionic transport along with active material reactivation and reutilization during cycling. A high peak discharge capacity (1200 mA h g^–1), a low capacity-fade rate (0.09% cycle^–1) for 500 cycles, and excellent rate capability (C/5–1C rates) are accomplished. Moreover, with such an advantageous architecture, the sulfur loading is successfully increased to 32 mg cm^–2 to achieve an areal capacity of up to 16 mA h cm^–2. This work provides guidelines for realizing optimized high-loading Li–S batteries.

中文翻译：

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长周期锂-硫电池采用荷包蛋形架构的高负荷硫阴极的合理设计

高负荷电极对于建立高能量密度锂硫（Li–S）电池至关重要，但它面临着严峻的挑战。在这里，我们通过一种简便的模板支持的真空过滤策略，提出了一种独立的水煮蛋形架构，并将其用作Li-S电池的有效硫磺主体。这种独特的结构可确保将“硫黄”有效地封装在完全真空密封的框架内，从而有效地限制了活性物质的损失和多硫化物的扩散。而且，导电和多孔的框架用作互连的电子路径和电解质通道，极大地促进了快速的电/离子传输以及活性物质在循环过程中的重新活化和再利用。高峰值放电容量（1200 mA h g ^–1），可以实现500个周期的低容量衰减率（0.09％周期^–1）和出色的速率能力（C / 5–1C速率）。此外，采用这种有利的结构，硫载量成功提高到32 mg cm ^-2，以实现高达16 mA h cm ^-2的面容量。这项工作为实现优化的高负荷锂电池提供了指导。