Abstract This paper horizontally places a straight cylinder intruder in granular bed and measures its resistance force associating rotation and plugging/pulling. The intruder suffers both vertically upward/downward force ( F ) and torsion ( T ). F exists concave function with immersing depth, and T shows convex function. F and T only increase with increasing the stepping length ( v /2 πω , the ratio of plugging and rotating velocity). Finally, a resistance force model is presented for the cylinder of resultant movement to illustrate the effect of stepping length on F and T .

中文翻译：

---

作用在汽缸入侵者上的与旋转和堵塞/拉动相关联的力

摘要 本文在颗粒床中水平放置一个直筒侵入器，并测量其旋转和堵塞/拉拔相关的阻力。入侵者承受垂直向上/向下的力 ( F ) 和扭转 ( T )。F 存在具有浸入深度的凹函数，T 表示凸函数。F 和 T 仅随着步长（ v /2 πω ，堵塞与转速之比）的增加而增加。最后，提出了合运动圆柱体的阻力模型，以说明步长对 F 和 T 的影响。