Most aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens possess propeller-like aromatic stator-rotor structures, such as silole, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and triphenylamine (TPA), to restrict intra-molecular motions (RIM) and avoid aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects. In our work, two simple N-substituted naphthalimides were designed and synthesized by the amide condensation to create novel AIE systems. Except for the same aromatic stator (naphthalimide), N-phenyl-1,8-naphthalimide (PhNI) contained an aromatic rotor (phenyl group) while N-cyclohexyl-1,8-naphthalimide (CyNI) contained an aliphatic rotor (cyclohexyl group). The PhNI samples obtained from different preparation processes showed multiple chromisms (MC) effects and varied levels of luminescence. Despite of the same intra-molecular structure, the crystal of PhNI had staggered parallel inter-molecular conformation with weak emission but the precipitation of PhNI had cross one with strong emission. Although without MC effects, CyNI gave an excellent fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_f = 0.55). The experimental results and theoretical analyses suggested that the AIE effects were decided by intra- and inter-molecular structure simultaneously and the construction and destruction of inter-molecular π-π stacking between aromatic rotors in PhNI resulted in the MC effects.

大多数聚集诱导发射（AIE）发光剂均具有螺旋桨状的芳香族定子-转子结构，例如甲硅烷基，四苯基乙烯（TPE）和三苯胺（TPA），以限制分子内运动（RIM）并避免聚集引起的猝灭（ACQ） ）效果。在我们的工作中，设计并通过酰胺缩合合成了两个简单的N取代的萘二甲酰亚胺，以创建新颖的AIE系统。除了相同的芳族定子（萘二甲酰亚胺）外，N-苯基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺（PhNI）包含一个芳族转子（苯基），而N-环己基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺（CyNI）包含一个脂族转子（环己基） ）。该PhNI从不同的制备过程中获得的样品显示出多种变色（MC）效应和不同水平的发光。尽管具有相同的分子内结构，PhNI的晶体具有交错的平行分子间构象，但发射较弱，但PhNI的沉淀却与发射强的相交。尽管没有MC效果，CyNI得到优异的荧光量子产率（Φ _˚F  = 0.55）。实验结果和理论分析表明，AIE效应是同时由分子内和分子间结构决定的，PhNI中芳族转子之间的分子间π-π堆积的构建和破坏导致MC效应。