In this study, a novel photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process using microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) as a UV irradiation source was developed for the removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. Comparative degradation of 200 mg L⁻¹ CIP was studied by direct MDEL photolysis, anodic oxidation (AO), AO in presence of electrogenerated H₂O₂ (AO-H₂O₂), AO-H₂O₂ under MDEL irradiation (MDEL-AO-H₂O₂), electro-Fenton (EF) and MDEL-PEF processes. Higher oxidation power was found in the sequence: MDEL photolysis < AO < AO-H₂O₂ < MDEL-AO-H₂O₂ < EF < MDEL-PEF. Effects of current density, pH, initial Fe²⁺ concentration and initial CIP concentration on TOC removal in MDEL-PEF process were examined, and the optimal conditions were ascertained. The releases of three inorganic ions (F⁻, NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻) and two carboxylic acids (oxalic and formic acids) were qualified. Seven aromatic intermediates mainly generated from hydroxylation, dealkylation and defluorination of CIP were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technology. Therefore, plausible degradation sequences for CIP degradation in MDEL-PEF process including all detected products were proposed.

中文翻译：

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使用微波放电无电极灯照射的新型光电子芬顿法在酸性水介质中有效地环化抗生素环丙沙星

在这项研究中，开发了一种新颖的光电芬顿（PEF）工艺，该工艺使用微波无电极放电灯（MDEL）作为紫外线辐射源，用于去除水中的环丙沙星（CIP）抗生素。通过直接MDEL光解，阳极氧化（AO），在MDEL辐射下在电生H ₂ O ₂（AO-H ₂ O ₂），AO-H ₂ O ₂存在下的AO（AO）对200 mg L ^-1 CIP的相对降解进行了研究（ MDEL-AO-H ₂ O ₂），电芬顿（EF）和MDEL-PEF工艺。在以下顺序中发现了更高的氧化能力：MDEL光解<AO <AO-H ₂ O ₂  <MDEL-AO-H₂ O ₂  <EF <MDEL-PEF。研究了电流密度，pH，初始Fe ²⁺浓度和初始CIP浓度对MDEL-PEF工艺中TOC去除的影响，并确定了最佳条件。3根无机离子的释放（F ^-，NH ₄ ⁺和NO ₃ ^- ）和两个羧酸（草酸和甲酸）为合格。通过UPLC-QTOF-MS / MS技术检测到了七种主要由CIP的羟基化，脱烷基和脱氟产生的芳族中间体。因此，提出了包括所有检测到的产物在内的MDEL-PEF过程中CIP降解的合理降解序列。