Because of the great breakthroughs of self‐healing materials in the past decade, endowing devices with self‐healing ability has emerged as a particularly promising route to effectively enhance the device durability and functionality. This article summarizes recent advances in self‐healing materials developed for energy harvesting and storage devices (e.g., nanogenerators, solar cells, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries) over the past decade. This review first introduces the main self‐healing mechanisms among different materials including insulators, electrical conductors, semiconductors, and ionic conductors. Then, the basic concepts, fabrication techniques, and healing performances of the newly developed self‐healing energy harvesting (nanogenerators and solar cells) and storage (supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries) devices are described in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and promising solutions of self‐healing materials and devices are discussed.

中文翻译：

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下一代能量收集和存储设备的自愈材料

由于自愈材料在过去十年中取得了重大突破，具有自愈能力的赋能设备已成为有效提高设备耐用性和功能性的特别有前途的途径。本文总结了过去十年中为能量收集和存储设备（例如，纳米发电机，太阳能电池，超级电容器和锂离子电池）开发的自愈材料的最新进展。本文首先介绍了绝缘体，电导体，半导体和离子导体等不同材料之间的主要自愈机制。然后，基本概念，制造技术，详细描述了新开发的自愈能量收集（纳米发电机和太阳能电池）和存储（超级电容器和锂离子电池）设备的修复性能。最后，讨论了自愈材料和设备的现存挑战和有希望的解决方案。