Mimicking natural structures has been highly pursued in the fabrication of synthetic polymeric materials due to its potential in breaking the bottlenecks in mechanical properties and extending the applications of polymeric materials. Recently, it has been revealed that the energy dissipating mechanisms via sacrificial bonds are among the important factors which account for strong and tough attributes of natural materials. Great progress in synthesis of polymeric materials consisting of sacrificial bonds has been achieved. The present review aims at (1) summarizing progress in the mechanics and chemistry of sacrificial bond bearing polymers, (2) describing the mechanisms of sacrificial bonds in strengthening/toughening polymers based on studies by single-molecule force spectroscopy, chromophore incorporation and constitutive laws, (3) presenting synthesis methods for sacrificial bonding including dual-crosslink, dual/multiple-network, and sacrificial interfaces, (4) discussing the important advances in engineering sacrificial bonding into hydrogels, biomimetic structures and elastomers, and (5) suggesting future works on molecular simulation, viscoelasticity, construction of sacrificial interfaces and sacrificial bonds with high dissociative temperature. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance for further development of sacrificial bonding strategies in polymeric materials.

中文翻译：

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人造高分子材料中生物启发的牺牲键的研究进展

在合成聚合物材料的制造中，由于模仿天然结构具有突破机械性能瓶颈和扩展聚合物材料应用的潜力，因此一直备受追捧。最近，已经揭示出能量耗散机制通过牺牲键是构成天然材料强韧特性的重要因素之一。在由牺牲键组成的聚合物材料的合成中已经取得了很大的进步。本综述旨在（1）总结带有牺牲键的聚合物的力学和化学进展，（2）基于单分子力谱，生色团结合和本构定律的研究，描述牺牲键在增强/增韧聚合物中的机理。 ，（3）提出了包括双交联，双/多网络和牺牲界面在内的牺牲结合的合成方法，（4）讨论了将牺牲结合工程化为水凝胶，仿生结构和弹性体的重要进展，以及（5）提出了未来从事分子模拟，粘弹性，牺牲界面的构造和具有高离解温度的牺牲键。希望这项综述将为进一步开发聚合物材料中的牺牲键合策略提供指导。