Progesterone is essential for pregnancy maintenance and menstrual cycle regulation. Hormone action has been primarily ascribed to the well-characterized classical signaling pathway involving ligand binding, activation of nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs), and subsequent activation of genes containing progesterone response elements (PREs). Recent studies have revealed progesterone actions via non-classical signaling pathways, often mediated by non-genomic signaling. Progesterone signaling, in conjunction with growth factor signaling, impacts on the function of growth factors and regulates important physiological actions such as cell growth and remodeling, as well as apoptosis. This review focuses on non-classical progesterone signaling pathways, both including and excluding PR, and highlights how research in this area will provide a better understanding of progesterone actions and may inform novel therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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孕酮介导的非经典信号传导

孕激素对于维持妊娠和调节月经周期至关重要。激素作用主要归因于特征明确的经典信号通路，包括配体结合、核孕酮受体 (PR) 的激活以及随后含有孕酮反应元件 (PRE) 的基因的激活。最近的研究揭示了孕酮通过非经典信号通路的作用，通常由非基因组信号通路介导。孕酮信号与生长因子信号相结合，影响生长因子的功能并调节重要的生理作用，如细胞生长和重塑，以及细胞凋亡。本综述重点关注非经典孕酮信号通路，包括和不包括 PR，