Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a respiratory toxicant that creates extreme environments tolerated by few organisms. H2S is also produced endogenously by metazoans and plays a role in cell signaling. The mechanisms of H2S toxicity and its physiological functions serve as a basis to discuss the multifarious strategies that allow animals to survive in H2S-rich environments. Despite their toxicity, H2S-rich environments also provide ecological opportunities, and complex selective regimes of covarying abiotic and biotic factors drive trait evolution in organisms inhabiting H2S-rich environments. Furthermore, adaptation to H2S-rich environments can drive speciation, giving rise to biodiversity hot spots with high levels of endemism in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and freshwater sulfide springs. The diversity of H2S-rich environments and their inhabitants provides ideal systems for comparative studies of the effects of a clear-cut source of selection across vast geographic and phylogenetic scales, ultimat...

中文翻译：

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生活在富含硫化氢的环境中的动物的进化生态学

硫化氢 (H2S) 是一种呼吸系统毒物，会造成极少数生物体耐受的极端环境。H2S 也由后生动物内源性产生，并在细胞信号传导中发挥作用。H2S 毒性的机制及其生理功能可作为讨论使动物在富含 H2S 的环境中生存的各种策略的基础。尽管它们具有毒性，但富含 H2S 的环境也提供了生态机会，并且共变的非生物和生物因素的复杂选择性机制推动了居住在富含 H2S 环境中的生物体的性状进化。此外，适应富含 H2S 的环境可以推动物种形成，从而在深海热液喷口、冷泉和淡水硫化物泉中形成高度特有的生物多样性热点。