The surface of plant leaves, or the phyllosphere, harbors hyperdiverse microbial communities. These communities mediate foliar functional traits, influence plant fitness, and contribute to several ecosystem functions, including nutrient and water cycling. In this review, we briefly recall the history of phyllosphere research and present the features of this microbial habitat. Adopting a recent framework for evolutionary community ecology, we then review evidence for each of the four major processes shaping phyllosphere microbial communities: dispersal, evolutionary diversification, selection, and drift. We show how these processes are influenced by the host plant, the surrounding atmospheric conditions, and microbial interactions. Rapidly growing evidence indicates that phyllosphere microbial communities are altered by global change, with potential cascading effects on plant performance, plant evolution, and ecosystem functioning. We propose future avenues for phyllosphere research aimed at improving plan...

中文翻译：

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叶际：植物-气候界面的微生物丛林

植物叶子的表面或叶际，拥有高度多样化的微生物群落。这些群落调节叶功能性状，影响植物健康，并有助于多种生态系统功能，包括养分和水循环。在这篇综述中，我们简要回顾了叶际研究的历史，并介绍了这种微生物栖息地的特征。采用最新的进化群落生态学框架，然后我们回顾了塑造叶际微生物群落的四个主要过程中每一个的证据：扩散、进化多样化、选择和漂移。我们展示了这些过程如何受到寄主植物、周围大气条件和微生物相互作用的影响。快速增长的证据表明，全球变化改变了叶际微生物群落，对植物性能、植物进化和生态系统功能具有潜在的级联效应。我们提出了旨在改善计划的叶际研究的未来途径……