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Mammalian Synthetic Biology: Engineering Biological Systems
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044649
Joshua B. Black 1, 2 , Pablo Perez-Pinera 3, 4 , Charles A. Gersbach 1, 2, 5
Affiliation  

The programming of new functions into mammalian cells has tremendous application in research and medicine. Continued improvements in the capacity to sequence and synthesize DNA have rapidly increased our understanding of mechanisms of gene function and regulation on a genome-wide scale and have expanded the set of genetic components available for programming cell biology. The invention of new research tools, including targetable DNA-binding systems such as CRISPR/Cas9 and sensor-actuator devices that can recognize and respond to diverse chemical, mechanical, and optical inputs, has enabled precise control of complex cellular behaviors at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. These tools have been critical for the expansion of synthetic biology techniques from prokaryotic and lower eukaryotic hosts to mammalian systems. Recent progress in the development of genome and epigenome editing tools and in the engineering of designer cells with programmable genetic circuits is expanding approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease and to establish personalized theranostic strategies for next-generation medicines. This review summarizes the development of these enabling technologies and their application to transforming mammalian synthetic biology into a distinct field in research and medicine.

中文翻译:


哺乳动物合成生物学:工程生物学系统

将新功能编程到哺乳动物细胞中在研究和医学中具有巨大的应用。测序和合成DNA的能力的不断提高,迅速增加了我们对基因功能和在全基因组范围内调控的理解,并扩大了可用于编程细胞生物学的遗传成分的集合。新研究工具的发明,包括可靶向DNA结合系统(例如CRISPR / Cas9)和可识别和响应各种化学,机械和光学输入的传感器-致动器设备,已实现了在空前的空间和空间条件下对复杂细胞行为的精确控制。时间分辨率。这些工具对于将合成生物学技术从原核和低等真核宿主扩展到哺乳动物系统至关重要。基因组和表观基因组编辑工具的开发以及具有可编程遗传电路的设计细胞工程的最新进展,正在扩展预防,诊断和治疗疾病的方法,并为下一代药物建立个性化的治疗方法。这篇综述总结了这些使能技术的发展及其在将哺乳动物合成生物学转变为研究和医学领域的过程中的应用。

更新日期:2017-06-20
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