Stroke is the second largest cause of disability-adjusted life-years lost worldwide. The prevalence of stroke in women is predicted to rise rapidly, owing to the increasing average age of the global female population. Vascular risk factors differ between women and men in terms of prevalence, and evidence increasingly supports the clinical importance of sex differences in stroke. The influence of some risk factors for stroke — including diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation — are stronger in women, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy also affect the risk of stroke decades after pregnancy. However, in an era of evidence-based medicine, women are notably under-represented in clinical trials — despite governmental actions highlighting the need to include both men and women in clinical trials — resulting in a reduced generalizability of study results to women. The aim of this Review is to highlight new insights into specificities of stroke in women, to plan future research priorities, and to influence public health policies to decrease the worldwide burden of stroke in women.

中文翻译：

---

妇女中风-从证据到不平等

中风是导致世界范围内因残疾而调整的生命年的第二大原因。由于全球女性平均年龄的增加，预计女性中风的发病率将迅速上升。在患病率方面，男女之间的血管危险因素不同，证据越来越多地支持中风性别差异的临床重要性。女性中风的某些危险因素（包括糖尿病和心房颤动）的影响更大，并且妊娠高血压疾病也可在怀孕后数十年影响中风的风险。但是，在循证医学时代，尽管政府采取行动强调必须将男性和女性都包括在临床试验中，但是女性在临床试验中的代表性明显不足，导致研究结果对女性的普遍性下降。这篇综述的目的是强调对妇女中风特异性的新见解，计划未来的研究重点，并影响公共卫生政策以减轻全球范围内妇女中风的负担。