Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of viral acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in young children, and a major cause of hospital admissions and health-care utilisation globally. Substantial efforts have been made to develop RSV vaccines and vaccine-like monoclonal antibodies to prevent acute RSV LRTI. Prevention of acute disease could improve long-term lung health, with potential effects on wheezing, asthma, and chronic lung disease. This Personal View describes assessments that should be initiated during clinical trials and continued after licensure to fully evaluate the effect of RSV preventive interventions. These assessments include recording the incidence of RSV-specific LRTI and all-cause LRTI through two RSV seasons, and assessment of the prevalence and severity of recurrent wheezing or asthma in children aged up to 6 years. Standardised assessments in diverse settings are needed to fully determine the effect of interventions for the prevention of RSV disease.

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确定预防儿童呼吸道合胞病毒疾病的干预措施的结果：如何衡量？

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是幼儿病毒性急性下呼吸道疾病（LRTI）的最常见原因，也是全球住院和医疗保健利用的主要原因。已经做出巨大努力来开发RSV疫苗和疫苗样单克隆抗体以预防急性RSV LRTI。预防急性疾病可以改善长期肺部健康，并对喘息，哮喘和慢性肺部疾病有潜在影响。此个人观点描述了应在临床试验期间开始并在获得许可后继续进行的评估，以全面评估RSV预防干预措施的效果。这些评估包括记录两个RSV季节中特定于RSV的LRTI和全因LRTI的发生率，和评估6岁以下儿童反复喘息或哮喘的患病率和严重程度。需要在各种情况下进行标准化评估，以充分确定预防RSV疾病的干预措施的效果。