Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a late effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation administered for a primary condition, typically a malignant disease, solid organ transplant or autoimmune disease. Survival is measured in months, not years, making t-MN one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent developments that reframe our understanding of the genetic and environmental aetiology of t-MN. Emerging data are illuminating who is at highest risk of developing t-MN, why t-MN are chemoresistant and how we may use this information to treat and ultimately prevent this lethal disease.

中文翻译：

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与治疗有关的骨髓瘤：遗传学和环境冲突时

与治疗有关的骨髓瘤（t-MN）是由于化学疗法和/或放射对原发性疾病（通常是恶性疾病，实体器官移植或自身免疫性疾病）的晚期作用而产生的。生存时间是数月而不是数年，这使t-MN成为最具攻击性和致命性的癌症之一。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了重新发展我们对t-MN的遗传和环境病因学理解的最新进展。新兴数据正在阐明谁最有可能患t-MN，为什么t-MN具有化学抗药性，以及我们如何使用此信息来治疗并最终预防这种致命疾病。