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On the optimal design of forward osmosis desalination systems with NH3–CO2–H2O solutions
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ew00037e
Matteo Gazzani 1, 2, 3, 4 , Thomas Hartmann 1, 2, 3, 4 , José-Francisco Pérez-Calvo 1, 2, 3, 4 , Daniel Sutter 1, 2, 3, 4 , Marco Mazzotti 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Membrane-based forward osmosis, especially when NH3–CO2–H2O mixtures are adopted as draw solutions, is a promising new process for clean water production, including seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. In such a process, water is first removed from the feed (e.g. seawater) by exploiting the osmotic pressure difference between the feed and the draw solution, which are at the two sides of the membrane; in a second step, drinkable water is produced by treating the water-rich draw solution in a distillation column. Accordingly, the main energy requirement is thermal energy for the reboiler. In order to enable a robust performance evaluation of forward osmosis systems, developing a comprehensive simulation framework that couples a rigorous distillation model and a reliable thermodynamic model for electrolyte solutions with an optimization routine is needed. With this work, we aim at satisfying this need by providing (i) a comprehensive analysis of forward osmosis-based systems, with special emphasis on the recovery of the draw solution and the connected energy demand, and (ii) a systematic approach to the design and operation of such processes. Ternary phase diagrams of NH3–CO2–H2O are used to characterize the system in terms of osmotic pressure, thermal separation energy and pressure in the distillation column. An optimization routine is then developed to minimize the equivalent energy and the membrane area specific to the water produced: different Pareto curves along with the associated trends in the design variables are identified and explained. Finally, forward osmosis is compared to reverse osmosis and thermal desalination plants.

中文翻译:

关于使用NH 3 -CO 2 -H 2 O解决方案 的正渗透淡化系统的优化设计

基于膜的正向渗透,特别是当采用NH 3 -CO 2 -H 2 O混合物作为汲取溶液时,是一种有前景的清洁水生产新工艺,包括海水淡化和废水处理。在这样的过程中,首先从进料中除去水(例如通过利用进料和汲取溶液之间的渗透压差(位于膜的两侧)来实现;在第二步中,通过在蒸馏塔中处理富含水的汲取溶液来生产饮用水。因此,主要的能量需求是再沸器的热能。为了能够对正向渗透系统进行可靠的性能评估,需要开发一个综合的模拟框架,该框架将严格的蒸馏模型和可靠的电解质溶液热力学模型与优化程序结合在一起。通过这项工作,我们旨在通过提供(i)基于正向渗透的系统的全面分析来满足这一需求,特别着重于抽取解决方案的恢复和相关的能源需求,(ii)设计和运行此类流程的系统方法。NH三元相图3 –CO 2 –H 2 O用于根据渗透压,热分离能和蒸馏塔中的压力来表征系统。然后制定优化程序,以最小化等效能量和特定于所产生水的膜面积:识别并说明不同的帕累托曲线以及设计变量的相关趋势。最后,将正向渗透与反渗透和热脱盐设备进行比较。
更新日期:2017-06-07
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