N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) of health concern with high precursor concentrations in wastewater effluents. Wastewater-derived NDMA precursor sorption was evaluated with both batch and column tests using a range of activated carbon (AC) types and operational conditions. NDMA and other DBP (trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, and haloacetonitrile) precursor removal, assessed using formation potential (FP) conditions, was evaluated relative to organic matter (OM) characteristics. In batch tests, lignite- and wood-based powdered ACs (PACs) achieved significantly better removal than bituminous- and coconut-based PACs. At a 5 mg L⁻¹ dose, lignite- and wood-based PAC removed >95% of NDMA FP, while bituminous- and coconut-based PACs removed 67% and 53%, respectively. Mesoporous ACs performed better than microporous ACs. Proportional diffusivity designed rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) with the lignite-based GAC effectively removed NDMA precursors at both 10- and 20 minute empty-bed contact times, at levels significantly better than bulk OM and the other DBP precursors. NDMA precursors exhibited linear mass-balance behavior during column runs with wastewater blends. Overall, NDMA precursors adsorbed independently from other DBP precursors and standard OM measures (e.g., TOC, UVA) in batch and column tests, showing similarities to micropollutant adsorption. Fluorescence spectroscopy OM indicators, however, showed similar adsorption behavior as NDMA precursors in column tests. Correlations using overall fluorescence intensity were developed that may be used as predictive tools for wastewater-derived NDMA precursor removal. A model based on the RSSCT results effectively predicted NDMA precursor adsorption of pilot-scale results for the same wastewater effluent and three other external data sets.

中文翻译：

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废水衍生的N-亚硝基二甲胺前体的活性炭吸附能力评估和建模†

N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）是一种健康关注的消毒副产物（DBP），其废水中的前驱物浓度高。使用一系列活性炭（AC）类型和操作条件，通过分批和柱测试对废水衍生的NDMA前体的吸附进行了评估。NDMA和其他DBP（三卤甲烷，卤代乙酸和卤代乙腈）前体的去除，是使用形成势（FP）条件评估的，相对于有机物（OM）特性进行了评估。在批处理测试中，褐煤和木质粉末状AC（PAC）的去除效果明显好于沥青和椰子基PAC。在5 mg L ^-1时剂量方面，褐煤和木质PAC去除了NDMA FP的> 95％，而沥青和椰子PAC分别去除了67％和53％。中孔AC的性能优于微孔AC。使用褐煤基GAC进行比例扩散设计的快速小规模柱测试（RSSCT），在空床接触时间为10和20分钟时，可有效去除NDMA前体，其水平明显优于本体OM和其他DBP前体。在与废水混合液运行色谱柱的过程中，NDMA前体表现出线性的质量平衡行为。总体而言，NDMA前体与其他DBP前体和标准OM措施独立吸附（例如，，TOC，UVA）在批处理和柱测试中显示出与微污染物吸附的相似性。但是，荧光光谱OM指示剂在柱测试中显示出与NDMA前体相似的吸附行为。已开发出使用整体荧光强度的相关性，可将其用作废水衍生的NDMA前体去除的预测工具。基于RSSCT结果的模型可有效预测相同废水和其他三个外部数据集的NDMA前驱体中试规模结果的吸附。