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Flat flexible thin milli-electrode array for real-time in situ water quality monitoring in distribution systems†
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ew00103g
Zhiheng Xu 1, 2, 3, 4 , Wangchi Zhou 1, 2, 3, 4 , Qiuchen Dong 2, 3, 4, 5 , Yan Li 1, 2, 3, 4 , Dingyi Cai 1, 2, 3, 4 , Yu Lei 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , Amvrossios Bagtzoglou 1, 2, 3, 4 , Baikun Li 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Drinking water quality along distribution systems is critical for public health. Until now, general end-users have had no effective method to measure the drinking water quality in situ and identify first-hand any violation. In return, there has been no feedback closed-loop of water quality monitoring and a control regime along distribution systems to provide real-time in situ early-warning for water treatment plants. This study targeted this crucial challenge by developing flat flexible thin micro-electrode array (MEA) sensors that integrate multiple types of mm-sized sensors to simultaneously monitor critical water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH, Cl and ClO). MEA films were directly mounted onto a water tube that simulated a distribution system. Each type of sensor showed high accuracy with an R2 value higher than 0.95 in the calibration tests. The shock tests clearly demonstrated the higher sensitivity of the MEA sensors than commercial sensors, and the advantage of integrating multiple types of sensors on a single film for auto-correction. More importantly, the Ag nanoparticle-modified ClO MEA sensors showed high selectivity in the presence of competing elements (Cl). Four-week tests in tap water revealed the intact structure of the MEA sensors and stable signal output. Overall, the MEAs possessed high accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity for monitoring water quality. The flat flexible thin material and integrated configuration make the deployment of the sensors easy along distribution systems and at end-user points, and ultimately enable the in situ assessment of water quality in the water infrastructure.

中文翻译:

扁平柔性微电极阵列,用于配电系统中的实时原位水质监测

分配系统的饮用水质量对公共卫生至关重要。到目前为止,一般最终用户还没有有效的方法就地测量饮用水质量并直接发现任何违规行为。作为回报,水质监测没有反馈闭环,分配系统也没有控制机制,无法为水处理厂提供实时的现场预警。本研究通过开发扁平柔性薄微电极阵列(MEA),其集成了多个类型的毫米大小的传感器来同时监视临界水质量参数的传感器定位的这一关键挑战(温度,电导率,pH值,氯-和C10 -)。MEA薄膜直接安装在模拟分配系统的水管上。在校准测试中,每种类型的传感器都显示出较高的精度,R 2值高于0.95。震荡测试清楚地证明了MEA传感器比商用传感器具有更高的灵敏度,并且在单一胶片上集成了多种类型的传感器以进行自动校正的优势。更重要的是,Ag纳米颗粒修饰的CLO - MEA传感器表现出较高的选择性在竞争元件(CL的存在-)。在自来水中进行的为期四周的测试表明,MEA传感器的结构完好,信号输出稳定。总体而言,多边环境协定具有监测水质的高精度,高灵敏度和高选择性。扁平的柔性薄材料和集成配置使传感器可以轻松地沿着分配系统和最终用户位置进行部署,最终可以就地评估水利基础设施中的水质。
更新日期:2017-06-05
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